WASHINGTON — The Commerce Department plans to shut down a little-known internal security unit that came under scrutiny by Congress for conducting rogue surveillance and investigations into people of Chinese and Middle Eastern descent, department officials said on Friday.
The announcement came after department investigators released the findings of a nearly five-month internal review that concluded that the Investigations and Threat Management Service improperly opened investigations “even in the absence of a discernible threat” and operated outside the bounds of its legal authority.
It also confirmed a central finding of a parallel inquiry by Republicans on the Senate Commerce Committee, who reported in July that officials in the unit had searched employees’ email accounts for terms written in Chinese characters as broad as “thousand,” ostensibly to root out employees who were being recruited as spies by Beijing. But unlike the Senate investigation, the Commerce Department stopped short of attributing the problems to racism or xenophobia inside the unit.
“We are committed to maintaining our security, but also equally committed to protecting the privacy and civil liberties of our employees and the public,” Gina Raimondo, the commerce secretary, said in a statement announcing the shuttering of the office.
Senator Roger Wicker of Mississippi, the top Republican on the Commerce Committee, who released a report in July detailing how the security unit had functioned for more than a decade as “a rogue, unaccountable police force,” said in a statement that he was “encouraged by the actions taken by Secretary Raimondo to correct the egregious misconduct within the Commerce Department.”
But he added that he would continue to investigate “why the department’s inspector general previously failed to address” earlier allegations.
The 26-page report released by the department on Friday painted a picture of an overzealous unit that “did not possess adequate legal authority to investigate the array of criminal activity it sought to address.”
“Over many years, I.T.M.S. would be sent select correspondence for review, regardless of whether it posed a threat,” investigators wrote. “I.T.M.S. would then open an intake in relation to the correspondence, even in the absence of a discernible threat.”
That correspondence, whistle-blowers told The New York Times in July, included social media posts online, such as those critical of changes made to the census.
Agents would then “run the names of the author or others associated with the correspondence in various databases in search of any relevant information about the person (often there was none),” the department said in its report. Hundreds of the 1,945 cases the unit had open fit that pattern, investigators found, the “vast majority, if not all” of which should have been closed.
Though agents with the unit “sometimes ran names through classified databases to learn about an individual’s background,” investigators said they did not find any procedures “establishing standards for engaging in this activity.”
Investigators were more circumspect about allegations that the work of the office, fueled by concerns about rampant Chinese espionage in the United States, sometimes veered into racial profiling.
Department investigators wrote that they did not find “any firsthand or documentary evidence that racial, ethnic or national origin bias motivated any specific cases.” The Senate report released in July, based in part on reports by whistle-blowers, asserted that the unit’s work had been discriminatory.
A Rise in Anti-Asian Attacks
A torrent of hate and violence against people of Asian descent around the United States began last spring, in the early days of the coronavirus pandemic.
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- Background: Community leaders say the bigotry was fueled by President Donald J. Trump, who frequently used racist language like “Chinese virus” to refer to the coronavirus.
- Data: The New York Times, using media reports from across the country to capture a sense of the rising tide of anti-Asian bias, found more than 110 episodes since March 2020 in which there was clear evidence of race-based hate.
- Underreported Hate Crimes: The tally may be only a sliver of the violence and harassment given the general undercounting of hate crimes, but the broad survey captures the episodes of violence across the country that grew in number amid Mr. Trump’s comments.
- In New York: A wave of xenophobia and violence has been compounded by the economic fallout of the pandemic, which has dealt a severe blow to New York’s Asian-American communities. Many community leaders say racist assaults are being overlooked by the authorities.
- What Happened in Atlanta: Eight people, including six women of Asian descent, were killed in shootings at massage parlors in Atlanta on March 16. A Georgia prosecutor said that the Atlanta-area spa shootings were hate crimes, and that she would pursue the death penalty against the suspect, who has been charged with murder.
The department’s inquiry confirmed that unit employees had “engaged in broad searches of Department of Commerce servers for particular phrases and words in Mandarin as part of talent recruitment investigations,” and said that investigators were unable to confirm how many times the searches were run because of poor record-keeping.
“In sum, the review team did not find clear evidence that I.T.M.S. pursued any particular investigations based on improper considerations,” department investigators wrote.
They continued: “That said, the review team recognizes that it is hard to reassure employees and other stakeholders on this point because of the other findings in this review regarding I.T.M.S.’s lack of authority; inadequate policies, procedures, and training; deficient records management and documentation; and inadequate management and oversight.”
Asian American civil rights organizations who had been closely watching how the department would handle the allegations of racial profiling hailed the decision to close the unit.
“Today’s findings are a reminder that the federal government must not sacrifice the civil liberties of Asian Americans or rely on xenophobic, anti-Asian stereotypes in the name of national security,” said Linda Ng, the president of OCA-Asian Pacific American Advocates.
The report did not elaborate on how long the unit, which was established in 2006, engaged in improper investigatory tactics, but Senate investigators indicated that the bulk of those efforts were driven over the course of multiple administrations. Under the Biden administration, department officials suspended the unit’s investigations and began an internal review of the program in April.
Internal investigators recommended that the agency implement policies “to ensure that no information developed by I.T.M.S. informs future departmental decisions without prior legal review and independent corroboration.” They also said department employees who might have been affected by the unit’s investigations may request to view their personnel files under federal open records law and request corrections.
