Towards the tip of October 2023 I used to be taking a taxi dwelling in Tel Aviv. Simply after we entered Shapira neighborhood, close to the central bus station, the motive force turned on the radio to the continued horrible information from the south. The Israeli floor operation in Gaza had simply begun; there have been heavy fights round Beit Hanoun. The newscaster talked about the Israelis and foreigners whom Hamas had, earlier that month, kidnapped to the Gaza Strip—on the time they numbered 251—earlier than transferring on to the following merchandise: clashes have been underway between Israeli troopers and Palestinian militants in Jenin refugee camp within the West Financial institution. “It is so hard to build, and so easy to destroy,” the motive force stated, me within the rearview mirror. “So easy to destroy what?” I requested. “You know,” he stated, “everything. The peace we had here. Now, they will get nothing, no work, no peace.”
I didn’t reply. Any dialog was certain to finish in heavy silence, and I most well-liked skipping on to the heavy silence half. But that nonconversation captured one thing important about the way in which Israelis understand “the conflict.” Many in Jewish Israeli society don’t grasp, and don’t wish to grasp, that there’s a connection between the eruption of violence on October 7 and the truth that the battle’s core points—occupation, settlements, borders, safety, water, Jerusalem, refugees, sovereignty, freedom of motion, the existence of a Palestinian state—have by no means been settled. Many Israelis appear to assume that the state’s deceitful formulation of “living with the conflict,” “managing the conflict,” or bypassing it with the phantasm of peace (as did the Abraham Accords signed through the first Trump presidency), mixed with navy superiority, had created a tenable established order that got here to an finish on October 7, 2023.
After all there has by no means been peace right here—a fact that ought to have been shouted earlier than and have to be shouted even louder now, as a cease-fire goes into impact that would have simply begun six months in the past. As of October 7, Israel and the Palestinian Authority had not engaged in negotiations for about fifteen years; the “temporary” occupation within the West Financial institution had handed its fifty-sixth anniversary. Israel had additionally made it crystal-clear that the settlements have been there to remain, to not say annexed, and that it had no plans to allow an actual state of Palestine—with borders, a capital, sovereignty, territorial contiguity—to emerge, not to mention return to the questions of 1948, together with the standing of Palestinian refugees. The Gaza Strip had been underneath siege for about seventeen years, with cyclical eruptions of violence. The Knesset was transferring steadily to the suitable: in 2018 its “Jewish nationality bill” not solely eliminated the symbolic standing of Arabic as an official language—a collective proper held over from British Necessary laws in 1922—but in addition declared that the suitable to train nationwide self-determination was “exclusive to the Jewish people.” It was as if Israel thought it had solved the battle by, in impact, telling Palestinians to maneuver on.
For the Israeli authorities and far of Israeli society, not one of the occasions of the previous fifteen months appear to have compelled any reckoning with the failures of this logic: the 1,200 individuals killed in sooner or later on October 7, most of them civilians; the indiscriminate focusing on of civilians in Gaza, together with the destruction of hospitals and hunger campaigns, killing at low estimate greater than 45,000 individuals; the hundreds of Israelis evacuated from their kibbutzim and villages within the south and north for greater than a yr; the numerous a whole lot of hundreds of Palestinians and Lebanese who’re now not of their properties and for whom no properties stay; the assassination of Ismail Haniyeh whereas on official go to in Iran; the hundreds of pagers exploding concurrently in Lebanon; and for fifteen months the overall destruction of the Strip, the uncountable variety of instances that worldwide media (much less typically home media) have reported an “Israeli strike”—together with on a residential constructing, a faculty, a tent camp, a “safe zone”—that killed fifty individuals, or sixty, or 100.
This sample was already clear late in October 2023, when UN Secretary-Basic António Guterres condemned “the horrifying and unprecedented” October 7 assaults unequivocally however added that they “did not happen in a vacuum.” Briefly order Israel’s ambassador to the UN, Gilad Erdan, demanded that Guterres instantly resign; the speaker of the Knesset, Amir Ohana, referred to as it a “vile antisemitic speech”; the previous overseas minister Avigdor Liberman stated Guterres “should have been removed from office sooner rather than later”; and the chief of the opposition, Yair Lapid, argued that Guterres’s phrases “provided excuses and rationalization for barbaric terrorism.” It appeared clear then that Israeli leaders, identical to the typical Israeli taxi driver, have been certainly satisfied that Hamas’s assaults occurred in a vacuum.
Fourteen months later, they nonetheless appear to be. The ruling coalition—very like a lot of Israel’s governments up to now—spent the previous yr looking for navy options to political issues. “We will not remove the IDF from the Gaza Strip and we will not release thousands of terrorists,” Benjamin Netanyahu stated in January 2024. “None of this will happen. What will happen? Absolute victory!”
The end result has been a prolongation of a warfare for coalitional and private ends. The cease-fire deal now in impact is, to all appearances, much like the settlement with Hamas that was on the horizon in Might 2024, when there was no purpose to anticipate a greater one: a staggered alternate of Israeli hostages in Gaza for Palestinians in Israeli prisons and a staggered Israeli withdrawal from the Strip. That the federal government took so lengthy to just accept it’s additional proof, if any have been wanted, that Israeli politicians haven’t any long-term imaginative and prescient, that the federal government needed to dilute the probabilities of forming a state committee of inquiry into the occasions of October 7, and that its members refuse to prioritize life and futurity over loss of life and infinite warfare.
Since October 7 the streets of Israel have steadily crammed with increasingly images: stickers of younger individuals killed on that day and troopers killed in Gaza and Lebanon, normally paired with a sentence their households needed them to be remembered by; or posters of the ninety Israeli hostages nonetheless in Gaza, a lot of whom are thought lifeless. They take a look at you from the merchandising machines within the practice station, from the partitions on the platform, from bus stops, from the college gate.
Each household right here is aware of somebody who was killed over the past fifteen months. October 7 struck throughout social strata: the southern kibbutzim, peripheral cities, kids from throughout the nation who have been on the Nova pageant, troopers from completely different models, twenty-one Palestinian residents of Israel. I’ve mates and colleagues who misplaced family members: her brother, his uncle, her nephew, his dad and mom, her father-in-law, his son. Greater than 5 hundred Israeli troopers and greater than eighty Israeli civilians have been killed since. The photographs of those individuals within the Israeli public sphere, it appears, will be understood in two methods. For a lot of, myself included, they’ve lengthy moved us to name to cease the warfare, finish this insanity, and resolve the battle reasonably than discover ever extra methods to disclaim it. The federal government and its supporters, however, have clung to the promise of “total victory,” capitalizing on the lifeless to justify and deepen the warfare “in their name.”
Having made mates in Gaza over time—first once I labored with Physicians for Human Rights in 2006, later once I wrote journalism, and over the past 5 years when cotaught a collection of programs on Gaza—I spoke with them typically after the beginning of the warfare. Originally, in October 2023, they requested me what I believed would occur subsequent. As if I knew. Because the months glided by, a few of them reported they have been in a position to escape to Egypt. Others instructed me, every in their very own phrases, concerning the journey from the north and heart to the south, the place the main a part of the two.3 million Gazans now keep, primarily in tents. They instructed me their accounts of the members of the family they’d misplaced thus far. Usually they described after they final noticed a relative, or stated {that a} single Israeli strike had killed 5 members of their household, or ten. In June 2024 the Related Press recognized greater than sixty Palestinian households wherein not less than twenty-five individuals had been killed. Within the final six months that quantity has solely grown.
I bear in mind one surreal dialog. I used to be talking on the cellphone with an outdated good friend in Gaza when sirens started in Tel Aviv. Listening to the sirens from my facet of the cellphone he stated, in colloquial Arabic, niyalko, “good for you”—for having a house, a secure room, sirens that offer you advance discover, and a super-successful antimissile air protection system. “In our case,” he stated, “you just hear boom.”
The assault on Gaza was met from the beginning with monumental Israeli public help. Hardly anybody questioned a factor. Now we additionally know that hardly any limits have been placed on the military. In response to The New York Instances, following October 7 Israel weakened safeguards meant to guard civilians in battle zones, permitting mid-ranking officers to authorize airstrikes that have been projected to kill as much as twenty civilians. On October 8, for instance, the excessive command stated that strikes on navy targets are permitted in the event that they “cumulatively endanger up to 500 civilians each day.” This was three weeks earlier than the bottom operation started.
There have been instances in our historical past—for instance in 2002, when the IDF assassinated the high-ranking Hamas official Salah Shehade utilizing a one-ton bomb that additionally killed his assistant and 13 civilians, together with 9 kids—when such assaults introduced Israelis out into the road, or not less than prompted some public debate. This time, because the civilian casualties in Gaza rose, many Israelis shrugged; others requested for extra.
The overwhelming help for the onslaught most likely had a variety of sources, particularly within the first yr: the broadly circulated footage of the atrocities that Hamas-led militants carried out on October 7 impressed a widespread want for revenge, the photographs of Palestinian residents who joined the assault have been typically stated to “ease” the killing of civilians through the warfare on the grounds that “they are all Hamas anyway,” and the mass recruitment of 300,000 Israeli reservists by the tip of the warfare’s first month additional blurred the boundaries between civilians and the navy within the nation. Opponents of the warfare—what’s left of the Jewish Israeli left and the overwhelming majority of Palestinian residents of Israel—have been paralyzed, both as a result of they’d been so horrified by the experiences from October 7 or as a result of they feared retribution within the present political ambiance.
In the meantime, most pictures from Gaza or Lebanon exhibiting the extent of the destruction—not to mention the victims’ names and private tales—have nonetheless hardly reached the Israeli public. When the warfare moved from Gaza to Lebanon and the IDF killed the Hizbullah chief Hassan Nasrallah by dropping eighty one-ton bombs in southern Beirut, Israeli media didn’t even report that it additionally killed a still-untold variety of civilians: preliminary estimates recommended as many as 300 casualties. Native media retailers—together with quickly rising stations just like the ultranationalist Channel 14, which based on the newest figures by Israeli human rights organizations has referred to as for the genocide of Palestinians in Gaza greater than fifty instances since October 7—doubted the numbers of Palestinian civilian losses and named the individuals killed by Israel’s navy solely after they have been senior members of Hamas or Hizbullah. Among the many most generally proliferated pictures or movies from Gaza throughout the Israeli public sphere have been social media posts by IDF rank and file, a few of whom filmed themselves dedicating blown-up homes to family members.
At the same time as most venues largely ignored the scenario on the opposite facet of the Gaza border, and later in Lebanon, the federal government began criminalizing retailers that did cowl it. In Might 2024 it took Al Jazeera off the air, in August it authorized a invoice to dam the Lebanese channel Al Mayadeen in Israel, and in November it ordered state officers to boycott Haaretz, the nation’s main left-wing newspaper, after its writer challenged the mainstream narrative concerning the distinction between “terrorists” and “freedom fighters.” To start with of the warfare, in an interview with The Guardian, the Israeli journalist Raviv Drucker analyzed the nationwide media’s response. “The shock [of October 7] was so brutal,” he stated, “that journalists see their role now, or part of their role, to help the state to win the war. And part of it is showing as little as possible from the suffering in Gaza.”
But the bulk was most likely not prepared to listen to the entire story anyway. A brand new tune has nearly turn out to be the nationwide anthem: titled “Harbu Darbu,” a tackle an Arabic slang phrase which means “war and destruction,” it contains strains like “Sons of Amalek, there will be no forgiveness.” Different cruel chants have emerged, from “there are no innocent people in Gaza” to, extra merely, “fuck them.” However as a professor of the sociology of Arabic, I used to be struck by one slogan specifically. Movies of navy strikes on homes and other people fleeing have been beginning to seem on-line underneath the Hebrew title Hetkhalnu ledaber ‘Aravit: “We started to speak Arabic.” This is not something most Israelis can actually do—the vast majority cannot communicate in Arabic whatsoever, let alone read a book. The implication is rather that the perpetrators of October 7 were “speaking Arabic”—and that now we Israelis will do the same to them. We will be more Hamas than Hamas.
This suggested a larger change in Israel’s self-image. Not praising itself as “the only democracy in the Middle East” or the IDF as “the most moral army in the world,” the nation has adopted a political grammar that goes past old school appeals to navy energy with a liberal veneer, embracing a brand new type of intolerant supremacism. The masks is off.
These developments matter partly as a result of they’ve taken place underneath what has turn out to be generally known as Israel’s first-ever “fully right wing” authorities (actually memshelet yamin ‘al malé). Effectively earlier than October 7, Israeli ministers within the present coalition had gone atop the Temple Mount/Al-Haram al-Sharif to hope and present their “presence,” normalized the occupation by giving civilian workplaces energy over the settlements within the West Financial institution, and advocated chopping off “fresh bread” for Palestinian prisoners held in Israel. Having lengthy argued that the supreme court docket “is tying the hands of our soldiers,” many of those ministers took the possibility to settle the rating, seeing the unprecedented harm in Gaza—together with the mass displacement of civilians—as an indignant refutation of the values the court docket allegedly represents.
This has been essentially the most fascist ruling coalition the nation has ever recognized. Finance Minister Bezalel Smotrich (who in 2017 printed a “decision plan” to erase the Inexperienced line) and Nationwide Safety Minister Itamar Ben-Gvir (who overtly admires the acute religious-nationalist Rabbi Meir Kahane and was himself convicted of incitement to terrorism) have been joined by a variety of Messianic ministers who wish to spark a non secular campaign. Of their eyes October 7 and the following warfare quantity to a divine name to beat Gaza and southern Lebanon and annex the West Financial institution for good. In July Orit Strook, the minister of nationwide missions, declared that we live by way of a tekufah shel nes, a “miracle period,” throughout which Israel has been fueled with divine power to increase its unlawful settlements. That October, a yr after the warfare started, Smotrich imagined how it will conclude. “The war will end,” he wrote in October 2024 in Israel Nationwide Information,
solely when there isn’t any Hamas in Gaza, and when the motion can’t rehabilitate. The warfare will finish once we…resettle Gaza, and ensure we now have fixed and secure Jewish presence there…. The warfare will finish solely once we topple the regime in Iran and annihilate its nuclear challenge.
By that time Israel was already deep into implementing the “generals’ plan,” a proposal to chop off the northernmost a part of the Strip—together with the cities of Beit Hanoun, Beit Lahia, and Jabalia—from Gaza Metropolis and the opposite governates to its south, evacuate the realm of all individuals, and counsel that anybody who stays shall be handled as a terrorist and starved. That operation practically obliterated the Jabalia refugee camp, the biggest in all of historic Palestine. Haaretz reported in November that “recently published satellite photos…indicate that the area, where more than 116,000 refugees lived…is no longer habitable, showing tens of thousands of homes destroyed or heavily damaged and essential infrastructure in ruins.”
Even Moshe Ya‘alon, a former Israeli chief of staff and minister of defense, described this campaign using the terminology of crimes against humanity. In an interview with the Hebrew channel Democrat-TV, he said that Israel has moved in northern Gaza from conquering to ethnic cleansing. The interviewer was not sure she heard right, and Ya‘alon explained: “This is what’s taking place there. There’s no Beit Lahia. There’s no Beit Hanoun. The military is presently working in Jabalia, and basically, they’re cleansing the realm of Arabs.”
In the identical interview he recommended that Israel is popping right into a “corrupt and leprous fascist Messianic state.” Certainly, final October the settler nonprofit Nachala held an occasion close to the Gaza border in help of resettling the Strip. Twenty-one legislators participated. “Encouraging Palestinian emigration from Gaza is the most ethical solution!” Ben-Gvir stated. “Encouraging Palestinian departure is rational! It is right! It is the truth! It is the Torah and it is the only way! And yes, it is also humane.”
Within the following month, because the Knesset’s winter session started, legislators superior a barrage of payments: one, generally known as the “persecution of teachers law,” to allow firing college lecturers for something that might be understood as “support or identification with terrorism,” which in observe can embrace merely calling the occupation unlawful; one other invoice to ease the method for disqualifying Arab MPs and Arab events, once more underneath the pretense of combating “terrorism”; a 3rd to ban the work of the UN Aid and Works Company; a fourth to permit Israeli cops to research suspected incitement to terrorism with out approval from the state legal professional’s workplace; and a fifth, generally known as “the silence law,” to restrict educational speech by obliging universities to fireplace instantly, in an expedited process and with out compensation, lecturers who categorical themselves in a means that might be interpreted as too radical. Maybe that’s my cue.
The present regime appears involved not simply with successful the following election however with successful the following elections after it and foreclosing any viable opposition. Arab-Palestinian residents have been politically delegitimized lengthy earlier than the warfare, and that course of has solely gathered power within the final fifteen months. The ruling coalition, in the meantime, has remoted each constituency that smells of a “centrist” orientation—which in Israel can itself be fairly right-wing—not to mention a leftist one. Its dedication to this trigger has been so nice that it even managed to politicize essentially the most sacred matter in at present’s Israel: the hostages.
For months the spiritual far-right events threatened to depart the coalition—depriving Netanyahu of a authorities—if he selected to free the hostages by ending the warfare with a deal. (Ben-Gvir did certainly resign from the federal government as quickly because the deal to launch the hostages was made.) It was crystal-clear that the warfare may solely finish with a deal, that to extend it will solely price extra lives—however Netanyahu selected to stall for greater than a yr, and never a second earlier than Trump may have fun the deal as his personal achievement. When in November 2024 rumors started spreading that an Israeli citizen had been arrested on suspicion of leaking paperwork to German media for the sake of sabotaging a cope with Hamas, it got here as no shock that the suspect was one in all Netanyahu’s spokesmen.
For the previous yr the prevailing feeling amongst a substantial variety of the hostages’ households—and the center-left extra broadly—has been that the federal government is making an attempt to sabotage and silence them, particularly in the event that they name for the return of their family “at any cost” (that’s, even when it takes an settlement with Hamas). Because the marketing campaign grew to make a cease-fire deal, Netanyahu’s authorities went as far as to pit the hostages’ households in opposition to one another by persuading a few of them to say that “only military pressure” would save their family members, though the alternative was clearly true.
The end result has been an ever-widening chasm inside Israeli society. Take, as an illustration, the yellow ribbons, the image of the hostages. In Tel Aviv, the place the present coalition received 25 % within the 2022 election, you may see them in every single place; within the Ma‘aleh Adumim, a settlement seven kilometers east of the Green Line where the current coalition won 80 percent of the vote, you see none whatsoever. Another example: in September 2024, after Hamas murdered six Israelis who had survived almost a year in captivity, the head of the Histadrut, Israel’s commerce union, introduced a basic strike in solidarity with the hostages’ households. That morning it was clear that Israel had been break up in two. Israeli mayors knew that placing would sign to Netanyahu that they supported the discharge of the hostages, even when it meant making a cope with Hamas. Lots of them scabbed: in Tel Aviv there was a strike, in Jerusalem no strike. In Herzliya, strike; in Ariel settlement within the West Financial institution, no strike. In Kfar Saba, strike; in Safed, no strike.
This authorities excels at placing throughout false realities. Round April 2024, as increasingly individuals realized that solely a cope with Hamas would convey again the hostages alive, Smotrich, Ben-Gvir, and different hawkish ministers from the nationalist, spiritual proper wing all threw a brand new idiomatic phrase into circulation. Now the proposal was iska mufkeret—a “reckless deal.” One might need thought {that a} authorities composed of 4 completely different Jewish spiritual events—and different events with a overwhelming majority of conservative (masorti) Jewish members—would comply with the Torah’s message that “whoever saves one life in Israel is considered to have saved the whole world.” But this coalition has proven that it evidently hates the Palestinians greater than it cherishes its personal residents’ lives.
And so the warfare continued, from Gaza to Lebanon to the West Financial institution to Syria and again to Gaza. Over the previous fifteen months Israelis have heard sirens again and again. My household has rushed rather a lot into our “safe room” in Tel Aviv—principally due to rockets fired from Gaza, later from Lebanon, as soon as from Iran (180 in a single go), and lately from Yemen. Whereas we have been sheltering, I attempted to placed on a contented entrance for the youngsters and got here up with some foolish video games. Unamused, my associate instructed me to finish this pseudo–La vita è bella efficiency. As an alternative, she stated, we both have to rethink the right way to change this place or contemplate transferring to a different nation.
Certainly a lot of our mates have left, both due to the warfare or due to the overall lack of hope right here. Our first-floor neighbors purchased a small house in Athens; my cousin and his girlfriend moved to Crete; two shut mates moved with their households to Berlin; a 3rd together with her associate and daughter to Amsterdam, a fourth to Italy together with her household, a fifth along with his household to India, the place he opened a guesthouse. A childhood good friend moved along with his spouse and three kids to the East Coast, my sister-in-law and her household to the West Coast. Three mates took likely-to-be-prolonged sabbaticals in, respectively, Edinburgh, Barcelona, and Dublin. Many others moved to Portugal, Cyprus, and Greece, the latter of which, Haaretz recommended, “became an escape to everything Israel could have been before it turned into hell.”
The wave of emigration the truth is started a couple of months earlier than October 2023, as a response to the Netanyahu authorities’s judicial coup, which aimed toward weakening the supreme court docket and strengthening its personal energy. (All this, after all, occurred whereas Netanyahu was on trial for fraud, bribery, and breach of belief—as he nonetheless is.) In response to Haaretz, greater than 100,000 individuals left the nation between July 2023 and the tip of 2024. The tens of hundreds who left earlier than October 7 sensed the place Netanyahu’s priorities have been taking us. They may have remembered what he instructed a 2015 assembly of the Knesset’s International Affairs and Protection Committee. “I’m asked if we will forever live by the sword,” he requested rhetorically, after which answered: “Yes.”
In an interview final October with the web site Ynet, the historian Yuval Noah Harari estimated that many extra Israelis—between 200,000 and 500,000—would go away, primarily “due to the feeling that Israel’s social contract has been cut into shreds.” He in contrast the present wave of departure to the flight from Viktor Orbán’s Hungary. It was a telling reference. Orbán has in recent times turn out to be an amazing good friend of Israel, together with Donald Trump, Narendra Modi, and Geert Wilders. It’s in Hungary, the place there have been hardly any protests calling for the tip of the warfare and the place press freedoms have declined considerably, that Israeli soccer groups have chosen to host their worldwide dwelling video games since October 7.
The muse of historical past most likely laughs—or cries—as Orbán presents himself as one in all Israel’s new “natural friends,” whilst his administration whitewashes the Holocaust. After the ICC issued an arrest warrant for Netanyahu, Orbán had one other event to show his friendship. He rapidly clarified that Israel’s prime minister can be as welcome as ever, as a result of the court docket’s determination would “not be observed” in Hungary.
To start with I managed to maintain my seven-year-old son, David, from studying about most of what occurred on and since October 7. I allowed myself to say solely that the warfare began due to “a conflict that needs to be solved,” that his classmate’s uncle died “because he was in a party in a dangerous area,” and that the photographs of individuals he noticed in a Tel Aviv sq. have been of people that have been “in their prison, who will be swapped with people in our prison.”
However round a yr in the past, once we went to see our soccer crew, Hapoel Jerusalem, play their first sport after the renewal of the season, I spotted that my plan needed to change. On the stadium the crew’s flags all confirmed Hersh Goldberg-Polin, an Israeli American hostage who supported the crew. Followers held up photographs and shirts of him, and his title turned a part of the cheering: “Bring Hersh back home” and “le-hakhzir et kulam ha-bayta” (“Bring them all back home”). David checked out me, puzzled. These weren’t the chants he remembered. When the Hapoel Jerusalem basketball crew received the ultimate, its gamers draped a shirt with Hersh’s face on it over the league cup. Quickly sufficient David began to ask extra questions. He instructed me he had a listing of desires: for the warfare to finish, for Norwich Metropolis to be promoted to the Premier League, for Hapoel Jerusalem to win the league in Israel. Now, he stated, he had added a fourth: for Hersh to come back again dwelling.
For months I imagined Hersh’s launch. I needed him to outlive; selfishly I additionally needed a contented ending for the one story David adopted on this horrible warfare. I needed him to know that there was hope. I pictured David’s face when he’d take a look at Hersh at a sport after his launch; I needed him to see the individuals in “their prison” be launched with individuals “in ours.” Then, final August, it was introduced that Hersh was amongst these six hostages discovered lifeless in Gaza. I used to be deliberating whether or not to inform David once I heard a shout from his room: Aba, mashehu kara l’Hersh—“Dad, something happened to Hersh.” Sport5, an Israeli sports activities web site—the one form I let him browse—had his picture on its homepage.
It has been stifling right here. It’s arduous to assume and converse, nonetheless tougher to talk out. Over the past fifteen months, my mates overseas used to test in rather a lot on WhatsApp. “How are you?” they wrote, “How is everything?” Their questions have been the chilly leftovers of the message left unsent: “What on earth are you still doing there?”
Just a few months in the past, once I instructed my former Cambridge professor Yasir Suleiman that I used to be about to move the division of Center East research at Ben-Gurion College, he stated that I couldn’t have chosen a extra toxic time. Educating in Israel about Palestinian nationalism, studying Arabic newspapers from the Necessary interval, coordinating a practicum for Israeli college students in Arab localities, or giving programs concerning the battle: all this appears tougher than ever. Nonetheless, he stated, the nation’s self-defeating, live-by-the-sword logic must be challenged from inside. At the very least a few of us may strive: there’ll come a degree, in spite of everything, when it is going to be too late for the nation to alter course. Who is aware of whether or not it already is.